好 同学们大家好 Hello, everyone
欢迎大家来学习中级汉语语法 welcome to the intermediate Chinese grammar course.
在我们开始学习 Before we begin to study
汉语语法的知识以前 chinese grammar,
我想先问大家一个问题 I would like first to ask you a question
就是你为什么要学习汉语语法课 which is why you chose to study Chinese grammar？
或者说你希望 In other words, what goal do you hope to achieve
在我们的语法课上 in the grammar course?
达到什么样的学习目标
我们来看一看你的学习目标 Let's see whether your studying goal
和老师的教学目标 and the teacher's goal
是不是符合的 are the same or not.
我希望在汉语语法课上 What I hope is that in the Chinese grammar course
帮助大家解决一些 to help you resolve some Chinese grammar problems
大家已经学过的 that you have already learned
但是还不太理解的 but not quite understand.
汉语语法的问题
大家已经学过汉语一段时间了 You have already learned Chinese for a period of time,
对于汉语的语法有一定的了解 you must have known some knowledge about Chinese grammar.
你的汉语老师也一定给你讲过 Your Chinese teacher must have taught you
很多的语法的问题 many grammars as well.
但是有一些 But for some grammar points,
可能你还没有很好地理解 you might have not well understood.
所以在这个语法课上 So in this grammar course,
我们要专门地帮助大家去解决 I would like to help you resolve
你可能不理解的语法的问题 the grammar issues which you might be still confused about.
第二个目标 The second teaching goal is that
我希望能够在这个课上 I hope in this course
帮助大家解决 to help you resolve
惰性语法知识的问题 the inert knowledge problems.
什么是惰性语法知识 The inert knowledge problems are
就是你学过的那些语法知识 the grammar knowledges which you have learned and understood
好像在睡懒觉 ,but are sleeping idly.
你想用它们的时候 When you want to use them,
它们还没有起床 they are still in bed.
你不能够自觉地很好地 You can't automataically use
用你学过的语法知识 the grammar knowledge which you have learned
去表达你的意思 to express yourself.
怎么样帮助你们解决 Then how can I help you to resolve
惰性语法知识的问题 the inert knowledge problem?
我在这个课上会给大家设计很多 I provide you a lot of
练习说汉语 写汉语 exercises to push you speak, write
读汉语 听汉语的一些活动 read and listen to Chinese.
希望大家能够在这些活动当中 I hope you in these activities
运用我们学过的语法知识 use the grammar knowledge we will learn.
经过这样的一些活动 一些练习 By doing these tasks and exercises,
我希望能够培养大家的 I hope ,you can achieve the
语法的技能 grammarring skill.
好 在我的这个语法课上 Well, in this grammar course
我希望同学们能够改变 I hope you change
学习语法的态度 your attitude to studying grammar.
不是枯燥地去背 去记 You're not supposed to memorize
那些语法的规律 the grammar rules,
而是能够和老师一起 what you're supposed to do is that you, together with the teacher,
来观察汉语的语言现象 observe the Chinese language phenomenon
去发现汉语的语法的规律 and explore the Chinese grammar rules.
作为老师我在这个课上 As the teacher of this course,
我的责任是什么 my duty is to
是让大家觉得 help you find out that
语法学习是有意义的 studying grammar is interesting.
我想各种各样的办法 I will try various ways to
能够吸引大家对语法的注意 attract your attentions to the grmmars.
只有大家能够注意语法 Only when we NOTICE the grammars,
我们才有可能学习到这个语法 can we learn them,
好吗 好 Ok?good.
现在我们就开始来讲 Now let's start.
汉语语法的特点 the Chinese grammr features
和你的母语比较 Compared to your native languae，
你觉得汉语的语法有什么特点 what do you think are the Chinese grammr features?
这个问题你们想过没有 Did you think about this question before?
我们先来看第一个 Ley's see the first
汉语语法的特点 feature of Chinese grammar.
这里有几个句子 Here we have several sentences
我们一起来看一下 Let's see them together.
这些句子它们的意思 Are the meanings of the sentences
是不是一样的 same or not?
第一个 我要和他结婚 The first one我要和他结婚
他要和我结婚
这两个句子里边 In these two sentences,
词都是一样的 all of the words are the same
可是他和我顺序不一样 but the order of 他 and 我 is different.
第一个句子里边我在前面 In the first sentence,我 goes before.
第二个句子里面他在前面 In the second sentence, 他 goes before.
那这两个句子的意思不一样 So the meanings of the two sentences are different.
是吧right?
这个我想大家 I think you
都能够很容易地看出来 can figure them out easily.
我要和他结婚
可是他不一定想要和我结婚 but he might not want to marry me.
对吧
他要和我结婚
意思是我不一定要和他结婚 the meaning is that I might want to marry him.
我们再来看第二个例子 Let's move to the second example,
我跳在马背上和我在马背上跳 我跳在马背上and我在马背上跳
这两个句子的意思有什么不一样 what is the difference of these two sentences?
想出来了吗 Do you know the answer?
好 我跳在马背上 well,
比如说这是一个马背 for example, this is the horse back,
这是我 this is me
我跳在马背上是我跳 在马背上 我跳在马背上 is that 我跳 在马背上(jump onto the horse back.)
我在马背上跳
这是马背这是我 this is the horse back,this is me
我在马背上跳 对吧 我在马背上跳(I jump on the horse bakc.).Got it?
好 第三个例子 Ok, the third example,
北边的楼和楼的北边 北边的楼and楼的北边
这两个词组不是句子 对吧 They are phrases,not sentences, right?
这两个词组它们的意思 Are the meanings of these two phrases
是不是一样的 same or not?
北边的楼是什么意思 waht is the meaning of 北边的楼?
比如说我们这里有两个楼 For example, there are two buildings here
这是一个楼 这是一个楼 This is a building, this is a building too.
那个方向是北边 The direction is north.
北边的楼是什么意思呢 Then what is the meaning of 北边的楼?
是这个东西 这是北边的楼 it is this one. this is 北边的楼(the buliding on the northside.)
楼的北边是什么意思 So what is the meaning of 楼的北边?
是这是一个楼 well, this is a buliding,
这个地方是楼的北边 this place is 楼的北边(to the north of the building.)
明白了吗 对 Got it? yes
北边的楼是一个东西 北边的楼is something,
楼的北边是一个地方 while 楼的北边is a place.
这几个例子 词都是一样的 For these examples, the words in them are almost the same,
但是因为词的顺序不一样 but the order of the words are different,
所以这个句子 so
或者这个词组的意思就不一样 the meanins of the sentences or phrase are different.
我们再看下边的例子 Now let's see the examples below.
下边的例子有的同学可能会认识 Some of you might understand them.
这是俄语 对吧 This is Russian， isn't it？
粉色的字是我的意思 the letters in pink color is 我.
绿色的字是爱的意思 the letters in green color is 爱.
黑色的字是我的母亲的意思 the letters in black color is 我的母亲.
在俄语里这三个 In Russian, the three words
我 爱和我的母亲 我 爱and我的母亲
它们的顺序可以有下边的 can be arranged in the
这四种顺序 following four sequences.
它们的意思是完全一样的 And their meanigs are the same.
我们从这里可以知道 From this language fact,we can see that
汉语语法的第一个特点就是 the first feature of Chinese Grmmar is that
语序非常的重要 the word order is very important.
如果语序不一样的话 If the word order is different,
意思很可能就是不一样的 the meaning will be probably different.
好 下面我们来做一做练习 Ok, now let's do some exercises to
看看大家能不能看出来 see whether you can figure out
这些语序不一样的
这些词组或者句子 the phrases or sentences which are different in word order.
它们的意思有什么不同 What is the difference in their meanings?
好 第一个不怕辣和怕不辣 Ok, the first one不怕辣and怕不辣
大家看一看 Please look at
在下边的这两个句子里边 the two sentences below.
应该怎么选择 How should we choose to fill in them?
用哪个是最好的 which one is better?
好 第一个句子 Ok, the first sentence
我怎么样
我们去吃四川菜没问题
四川菜大家知道 对吧 you all know 四川菜,do you?
它的特点就是辣 its' feature is hot.
我们去吃辣的四川菜没问题
所以前边应该是我不怕辣 so ,the former part should be我不怕辣
好 第二个 Ok, the second one,
我告诉你 我吃饭怎么样
你放这么少的辣椒怎么行
多放点 多放一点辣椒 put more pepper
我担心这个辣椒太少了 不辣 I'm afraid that it is not spicy enough.
对吧 right?
所以这个地方应该是 so in this blank it should be
我告诉你我吃饭怕不辣
你放这么少的辣椒怎么行
好 第二个 吃什么有什么 Ok, now the second one 吃什么有什么
和有什么吃什么 and 有什么吃什么
这两个应该怎么样放到 How can they be put in
下边的句子里 the sentences below?
好 第一个 The first one
现在我们的生活好了 东西多了
所以 我们吃什么有什么 对吧 so 我们吃什么有什么,right?
就是我们想吃什么 That is whatever we want to eat,
我们就有什么吃 wahtever we will have to eat.
想吃北京烤鸭 If we want to eat Peking Duck,
我们就有北京烤鸭吃 we will have Peking Duck to eat.
想吃麻婆豆腐 If we want to eat Mapo Tofu，
我们就有麻婆豆腐吃 we will have Mapo Tofu to eat.
想吃什么有什么 that is 想吃什么有什么
第二个 我们在山里不是在家里 the second,
不容易找到吃的东西
你别挑剔了 有什么吃什么吧
现在我们有什么东西 Now
你就吃什么东西 you eat (what we have.)
有一个面包你就吃一个面包 If we have a piece of bread, you eat the bread.
有一个馒头你就吃一个馒头 If we have a steamed bread,you eat the steamed bread.
有什么吃什么吧
不要想太多 don't be picky.
明白了吗 Understand?